The Influence of the Works and Thoughts of Attar Neishabouri on the Europe

From the second half of the eighteenth century, European orientalists translated and perfected the works of Attar. This was started by von Stewemer in Germany. After him, in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, Silvestre de Sacy was influential in introducing Attar to the West with the French translation of the Pand Nameh and Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr. Eduard Fitzgerald read the introduction by Gartens Dutzis to the French translation of Attar’s Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr, and published the English version of the work ‘The Conference of the Birds’ in 1889. Thus, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a movement in translation, correction, and interpretation of Attar's works emerged, and Attar’s collections were introduced to Europeans, and a new window opened for European poets and writers. The main purpose of this study is to examine how Attar's mystical thoughts and works influence France, England and Germany. Also, which works of Attar have been paid attention to and translated more? The research methodology is based on description and analysis. The findings of this article show that although the Germans were the first translators of Attar's work, the French played a more important role in introducing Attar to the West. The countries of Germany and England have been influenced more by Attar’s Pand Nameh and Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr and Attar's mystical thoughts and works have a noticeable effect on the works of European poets and writers