Comparison the Components of Perception of God and Empathy among Exceptional Children Mothers (Blind, Deaf and Mental Retardation)

Birth of a child require to new adaptations in a family. When a baby was born with mental, physical or behavior disabilities or combination of them, the psychological pressures is started to members of the family, especially the mother. Religion is one factors that has an effective role in the field of mental health and its effectiveness in the treatment of mental illness. Therefore, in this research, we compared the components of God’s perception and empathy among exceptional children mothers in Urmia city (West Azarbaijan province, Northwest of Iran). 

The type of this research method was comparative based. This research was also a survey research. Because it determined the characteristics of the statistical community for each variables. The statistical population of the study was all mentally retarded, blind and deaf children mothers. They were selected by using available sampling method in spring 2017 (n=150). The instruments for measuring were the questionnaire of 72 questions by Lawrence (1997) and Davis questionnaire (1994). To analyze the statistical data, descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levin test, Box test, Bartlett sprite test using SPSS software were used at a significant level of 0.05.

Results of Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to check the normal variables, Levine's test for homogeneity of variance, the box test for homogeneity analysis of variance–covariance matrix, Bartlett sprite test to verify the correlation of dependent variables showed that there was no problem in using multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that there was no significant difference between the variables of presence, challenge, acceptance, benevolence, impact, determinism, tendency perspective and personal disturbances in the three groups of exceptional children mothers. The results of Lambadi Wilkes test showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in at least one of the components of empathy. In other words, there was a significant difference between empathy between the three groups of mental retardation, blind and deaf children mothers. The probability value for empathic concern variables was less than 0.05. The probable value of this test for empathic concern was variables. There was a significant statistical difference in the mean of mothers' responses in the three groups (p=0.01). In addition, the empathic concern was statistically different in both mental and blind mental, mental retardation, and deafness.

Based on follow–up tests, empathic concern statistically differs between two groups of mental retardation and blind, as well as mental retardation and deaf. Regarding the results, it is suggested that the organization should try to organize workshops and engage them in God–given empathy and adventure training in these workshops. It seems that family counselors can help to achieve a higher level of quality of life in exceptional children mothers by identifying negative influences on them. The organizations and institutions responsible for exceptional children's affairs are committed to their plans for the empowerment and perception of God's mothers.