A Review on the Effects of Nano Catalysts Based on Carbon Support for Improving Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) is one of the most important oxidizer in composite solid propellants. Therefore, synthesis and application of nanoparticles as catalyst for improving thermal decomposition of AP is an important issue in catalysis research. There are a lot of nanomaterials for the thermal decomposition of AP such as nano metal particles, metal oxides, metals salts, and organometallic compounds. In recent years, in order to enhance catalytic activity, nanoparticles deposited on the carbon supports (Such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene aerogels, etc.)to increase active surface and prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles. The synergistic effect between nanoparticles and supports based carbon can enhance catalytic activity . These additives can enhance the burning rate and combustion efficiency of the corresponding solid propellants by changing the thermal conductivity, energy barrier of thermolysis, heat of reaction, and gas-phase reaction mechanisms of the main ingredients of AP. In this paper, the effects of nano metals and nano metal oxides on the thermal decomposition of AP are reviewed and then the effect of these additives on supports based carbon is investigated.