Punishment of Blasphemy against the Holy Prophet of Islam from the viewpoints of Islamic Denominations and Iran, Afghanistan Legal Systems

The article studies blasphemy against the holy prophet of Islam comparatively in Iranian, Afghan penal law systems and in the rules of Islamic sects. The subject that in the above mentioned penal law systems and Islamic sects' rules is common, is the definition rendered regarding blasphemy against the holy prophet as using improper language including insult to the holy prophet of Islam (peace be upon him). Unlike Iranian legal system which introduces the crime of blasphemy against prophet as a crime with the Punishment of Hudud (punishable by lashing) under the Islamic penal code of 1392, the Afghan legal system comprises no crime titled under "Blasphemy against Prophet" in its penal Code. The title under this code is the general one i.e. "Blasphemy of the Sacred in Islam". The punishment prescribed in the Iranian Penal Law for committing blasphemy is execution of the blasphemer which is compatible to the rules prescribed in different Islamic sects but the Hanafi Jurisprudence. Committing blasphemy has not been mentioned in Afghan Penal Law directly, but the punishment prescribed for "Blasphemy of the Sacred in Islam" is 2 to 5 years of imprisonment. The other commonality of Iranian and Afghan penal law is the way which blasphemy can be committed. In both legal systems the blasphemy is committable orally, in writing, in the real or cyberspace.