An Overview of the Methods for Enhancing the Communication Security in Designing Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Circuits

Semiconductor metal oxide technology complements a popular and pervasive approach in the design of electronic and digital circuits, but in this technology, reduction at the sub-micron level is simply not feasible; therefore, quantum-dot cellular automata nanotechnology as a new way to design digital circuits and reduce power consumption was introduced. At the nanoscale, quantum-dot cellular automata cells represent a novel way of performing calculations by transmitting information through quantum cell interactions. Small dimensions, high speed, low power consumption, and low latency are the main features of this technology. Designing high-security circuits in nano-scale quantum-dot cellular automata technology is important for designers, considering the intercellular communication, low power consumption, and optimal power consumption. Therefore, this paper first describes the quantum-dot cellular automata at the nano level and then quantum cells, then important structures in this technology, timing and important points in the quantum-dot cellular automata circuit have been discussed and reviewed. In the field of security, such as cryptographic circuits, interconnections have been made at the nanotechnology of quantum-dot cellular automata technology. Finally, their structures, circuits, and performance are analyzed. The results showed that by applying some methods such as Feynman gate reversible logic, Fredkin circuit reversible key and decoding encoding process, the safety and reliability of nano-communications based on quantum-dot cellular automata technology can be increased.