Modeling Two Delay System of Insulin-Glucose based on Noninvasive Continuous Measurement

In recent decades, due to the increased prevalence of diabetes and its chronic complications, glucose measurement, modeling of glucose-insulin system and glucose control have been especially important. Since the type I diabetes does not secrete insulin, cells do not absorb glucose, and thus the blood glucose level increase. In order to control your blood sugar, insulin should besubcutaneously injected into the body under complex, controlled conditions. If the level of insulin increases beyond the natural physiological range, there is a risk of death. There are various treatments for diabetes, the main treatment of which is insulin therapy. Monitoring the patient's blood sugar level continuously during the day and night is a very good treatment strategy, since it controls the patient's blood sugar level in a safe area with the lowest amount of insulin injected at the required times. This mechanism avoid the hyperglycemia (blood glucose levels greater than 120 mg/dl) and hypoglycemia (blood sugar less than 65 mg / dl). To achieve this goal, a two delay model has been developed to model blood glucose levels continuously during time. Some of the parameters of this model are estimated using the genetic algorithm to achieve the best fitness between the dynamics of the model with the experimental data obtained in this study. As a result, the developed model of this study can dynamically obtain blood glucose continuously during time, consequently it can predicts the insulin dynamics required to be injected into the patient to control the amount of blood glucose in the normal range. Therefore this controlling system is capable of preventing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.