The Conceptual Evolution of the "self" (khod) in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr

 The term "self" is frequently used in Persian grammar and psychology.  Self  (khod), the word "you" (kheesh)  and the word "yourself" (Kheeshtan) are used as a common pronoun in Persian grammar; in the psychology of Jung self represents integrity. The word has a significant role in 'Attar's logic and can be analyzed based on Jung's psychological theories. In this paper, we analyze the process of conceptual development based on the "individuality process".  .It is argued there are two types of self—shadow and archetypal self that can be seen in two aspects of "body and soul." The shadow (the common pronoun) is transformed at the end like the thirty birds, since this feeling of unity  like Simorgh is aroused in human beings, thereby realizing reality (unity and integrity). The unity  is incomplete according to  'Attar and modern psychology because absolute perfection is realized only in God, and Simorgh is only part of the "self" (collective unconscious), not all of it. For both Jung and 'Attar, the goal of individuality process is not perfection. "Self" is the result of the unification of the thirty birds (self-conscious or shadow) and Simorgh (unconscious). Attar has recreated these philosophical-mystical concepts in theform of symbolic images in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr.