Aesthetic Structure of Irony in Hafez’s Ghazals

Irony has always been a controversy among rhetoric thinkers and scholars. This figure of speech has been used in the works of different poets, but it has been manifested more clearly in Hafez works in such a way that the meaning of many of his poems cannot be understood without considering this figure. One of the resplendence of aesthetic of his poems is its artistic amphiboly. Different reasons such as his rebellious and deep critical soul and his divergent thoughts caused his opponents manifest their sin deception and he could ridicule them through irony. He has used such ironies in words and sentences in his Ghazals that we can understand his poems just through knowing these artistic figures. In this study, it has been tried to study briefly ironies through ridicules, the state of intensity, beauty of demand, wish expression, encouragement, boasting, exaggerating, ridiculous, punishment, disagreement, humiliating in his works. The reasons of using irony beautifully and its diversity in his poems have been studied as well, while its writing style has been manifested through language and associative and paradigmatic relations among the present signs in language chain and missed signs in Hafez’s verbal texture.