Investigation of Fabrication and Synthesis of Cappa-Carrageenan/Silk Fibroin Nanofibers Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Bone defect is one of the important challenges of medical science in the all world. Today, the synthesis of a suitable scaffold for replace the lost tissue with the aim of repairing, recovering and restoring tissue function has been developed. The combination of protein-polysaccharide is a promissing approach in scaffolding with the ability to induce bone like apatite formation. In this paper, new bioactive composite scaffolds based on kappa-carrageenan/fibrobin nanofibers were synthesized and characterized for bone regeneration applications. The fibroin nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, then the chopped electrospun nanofibers were incorporated to Kappa-carrageenan solution (0.5% w/v) in different ratios as a reinforcer. Finally, 3D scaffolds were fabricated by Freeze-drying. In order to evaluate the fabricated scaffold, different characterization methods have been applied to analyze structure, morphology, mechanical strength and the amount of apatite formation on the surface of the scaffolds that have been compared with the pure Kappa-Carrageenan sample. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed the highly porous structure with the interconnected porous. The porosity percentage and average pore size of the scaffolds were suitable for bone cells implantation and propagation. In addition, Energy Dispersive X ray (EDS) technique has proved Precipitation of Ca-P on the surfaces. The biocompatibility evaluation of fabricated scaffolds was done using MTT indirect assay. The results indicated no toxicity effects on cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. In addition, the MG-63 osteoblast-like cells exhibited good adhesion behavior in direct contact with the scaffolds and cell attachment was observed by SEM images.