The Position of the Police in the Criminal Systems of Judicial Procedure, Written Law and Iran

In the world's criminal systems, the police have specific positions and powers that are inspired by the principles and teachings of each criminal justice system, and naturally there are obvious differences between them that can be measured and evaluated, and identifying them can help the criminal system eliminate weaknesses.

According to the theoretical subject of the research, in terms of its nature it is of an applied research type which was conducted using library resources and documentary studies and translations of criminal laws and the presentation of materials was descriptive-analytical.

In the criminal system of common law, the police have a broader power for preliminary investigation due to the criminal prosecution and network communication system, but in the civilian criminal system there was no such authority, and the police are required to comply with prosecutors. It is within the framework of hierarchical communication; this hierarchical position and adherence to the prosecutor's office in the Iranian penal system also exists with minor changes.

The position of the police in the Iranian penal system and how it relates to the judiciary in terms of the type of communication they have with each other and defined in the law (hierarchical communication) needs to be reconsidered and granting some powers to deal with petty crimes to the police, while maintaining interaction between the police and the judiciary and decentralizing police prevention missions, will strengthen the position of the police in preliminary investigations.