Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Waste Waters by Adsorption: A Comprehensive Review

Reactive black 5 is a toxic dye that has adverse effects on the environmental ecosystems and the health of human beings. Therefore, its removal is very important. Among the reported methods adsorption gathered a huge attention in the recent years because of its simplicity and low-cost. In this review paper, removal of reactive black 5 by adsorption method from waste waters was evaluated and all of the achievements from the past to the present were discussed in detail. The influence of important operational parameters on the adsorption efficiency of reactive black 5 such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration was investigated. In addition, the reported adsorbents for reactive black 5 were divided into different groups on the basis of their nature (like nanostructures, natural materials, by products and chitosan based adsorbents) and their important characteristics, including adsorption capacity, removal percentage, initial dye concentration, repeatability, the synthesis cost and optimized experimental parameters are compared with each other in detail. Moreover, important conclusions have been made from the surveyed literature and some suggestions are proposed for the future works.