Causes of Emerging Anti-System Groups in International System: A Case study of Middle East (ISIS)

As Iran’s regional geopolitical power has increased since 2006 in West Asia’s political geography to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, we are witnessing the rise  of region’s geopolitical status in the international system and upsetting the balance of power resources. These have been realized in the form of deep systemic forces including economic (geo-economic), identity (culture and ideological) and political (geographical, military) forces in the Middle East order. Deep systemic forces, by evolving two concepts of order and patterns of behavior through the creation of processes and structures, have produced a systemic environment and a new international system in which conflicting interests of actors in various subject areas have led to the formation of divergent dynamics and acceptance of diverse roles based on geopolitical changes in order to create a balance of regional power. In this article, the researchers attempted to examine the main factors in the formation of anti-systemic groups such as ISIS in the Middle East. To answer the above question, the hypothesis is that the emergence of anti-systemic groups in the Middle East is due to the link between changes at all three levels (systemic, regional and government) and for balancing the power of political forces. In this context, we can first look at the structural-geopolitical developments of the new international system and the role of the great powers of the international system including changing US tactics from Bush’s “pre-emptive strike” and  “regime change” strategy to Obama’s “aggressive diplomacy” policy and waging asymmetric war through creating a regional coalition and planning to destabilize countries via geopolitical engineering in chaotic regions and turning them into “safe collapsed states”. Also, at the regional level, we can mention the feature of the unstructured order of the Middle East region along with the geopolitical identity conflict in the form of war inside the civilization. Finally, at the internal level, we can refer to factors such as the fragile state-nation-building process in the Middle East and the internal political structure that have led to the emergence of sub-government agents  such as religious extremists and micro-political factors in the form of nationalist and subversive minorities such as ISIS.