Semantic- pragmatic analysis of the syntactic functions of 'Subject and Object' in Arabic, A Functional Approach

Review: Function-based linguistics analyzes language by analyzing contextual elements and relying on a usage-based approach. The semantic- pragmatic explanation of the two syntactic functions of the subject - as the main purpose of the function-view of the sentence and the object - as the secondary purpose of the sentence - is the topic of the present study. The author attempts to analyze the syntactic functions in the Arabic language as a null sub, drop-pro and free word order language sub by descriptive-analytic method based on Simon Dick's Functional Grammar (FG) and the views of some theorists of the cognitive approach such as Filmor. The results of the study show that in the Arabic language the function of the agent can be attributed at the semantic level to the active, recipient, objective, and time and location dependent structures. At the cognitive-functional level, the topicalization is completed by use of subject LD or Focusing is done by moving the construct to the beginning of the sentence. The passive hybrid function can also be attributed to actionable structures, purpose and temporal and spatial dependencies. At the pragmatic level it is also used as a "clitic LD" or Focusing. But the construct, which is known as the indirect object in the traditional syntax, can benefit in the "possessive" and "causative" predicates of the semantic function of the "goal", and in the raising predicates of the semantic function of the "recipient / beneficiary".