Abravaneh (Rodab) underground water channel for water transfer (Case study: Nodeh Enghelab village of Khoshab city)

Due to the dry weather in Iran, water supply has been plagued by complex systems and requires comprehensive management, the sustainability of these biological systems. Iranians have used a variety of water transfer and extraction systems that were unique in their time and this regard, they have been thinking about the optimal use of groundwater harvesting techniques and promoting further education. Some of these methods are completely native and the same is not seen in other parts. Many of the current procedures and methods of human life are out of ecological ability and cannot be sustained. Therefore, methods and techniques are considered that are consistent with the ecological laws (Boozjmehri and Khatami, 2018: 123). A review of historical records shows that rulers and people were paying attention, drilling aqueducts as one of the main water supply methods in arid areas (Omidi et al., 2016: 34). Other methods are Rainwater and runoff collection that have been considered for the proper utilization of water in arid regions (Eshghizadeh, 2009). Other methods of water supply in arid areas include the transfer of water from rivers and inaccessible water sources (Halabian and Shabankari, 2010). The purpose of this study is to investigate and introduce an interesting traditional and native method of conveying water to a corner of Iranian land that interestingly drives water on the fan to be used for agriculture. In this research, while introducing this method, the benefits, disadvantages, and costs of ecosystems are investigated and introduced to keep indigenous methods in place, if necessary, to Resuscitate and promote them. The study area is located in the northern slopes of Jaghatai mountains, Nodeh Enghelab village of Khoshab county and 57 degrees 37 degrees and 54 seconds to 57 degrees, 37 minutes and 6 seconds east and latitude 36 degrees 29 minutes 45 seconds to 36 degrees And 27 minutes and 52 seconds north.

The present study seeks to investigate the Abravaneh in terms of method of construction, properties, advantages, and disadvantages by using descriptive - case and comparative study and using various documents and maps as well as various geographic software such as GIS. Information about the subject is gathered from library resources and various documents such as books, collections of articles, geological maps (1: 100,000), and topography (1: 50000) and internet resources such as Google Earth and valid websites. The materials were collected through observation of the area and interviews with the owners and owners of irrigated plots by Abravaneh and those who knew it.

The results of this study indicate that unlike the aqueducts, they have begun to dig deliciously from the upper reaches of the basin (entrance valley), therefore, the entrance valley and the main river, which is to be transported from it, is considered as the mother of the well. The differences between Abravaneh and aqueducts are given in the table below.