Coronavirus 2 Acute respiratory syndrome: Emergence, Evolution and thrapeutic prevention strategies

The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 that began in Wuhan, China, has constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and spread all over the world. In a phylogenetic network analysis of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, three central variants were distinguished by amino acid changes, which named A, B, and C; with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus. The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans. In contrast, the B type is the most common type in East Asia. The emergency that the world faces today demands that urgent and effective measures must be developed to protect people at high risk of transmission. WHO has accelerated research in diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for this novel coronavirus. The various strategies for prevention of transmission and infection of this respiratory pathogen includes: non pharmacological interventions and specific protection through chemoprophylaxis or immunoprophylaxis. Patients are the primary source of infection. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported, whose oropharyngeal swab test of SARS-CoV-2 RNA turned positive in convalescence. This case highlights the importance of active surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for infectivity assessment.