Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition, Biochemical Profile, and Antioxidant Status in a Sample of Healthy Individuals

Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan by abstinence from food and drink every day from dawn to sunset. Studies have reported contradictory results concerning the changes in body weight and biochemical parameters. No study has been conducted on the association between fasting and body weight and biochemical parameters in the Indian setting on healthy Muslim subjects.

To assess the effect of fasting during Ramadan on biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, liver function test, renal function test, antioxidant activity, random blood sugar, hemoglobin, body composition, and blood pressure in a sample of healthy individuals.

In this study, 52 healthy free-living participants (25 Male, 27 Female, 21-64 years) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and completed both follow-ups (before and after Ramadan) were studied. Participants were fasting 12 hours a day for at least 21 days, including menstruating women. It was a free-living study with no dietary restrictions. Anthropometric, lipid profile, and liver and renal functions were measured by standard methods. Body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance.

Significant beneficial changes in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and HDL were observed, while total cholesterol, random blood sugar, AST, and ALP enzymes remained unchanged after Ramadan. Fasting did bring in some changes in body composition; among both men and women, mean weight loss ranged from 0.81-1.4 kg in the majority of the subjects, which was due to loss in muscle mass. Also, no change in intra-and-extra cellular water content was observed after fasting.

Significant improvements were observed in HDL levels and liver function tests, which can be attributed to the loss of body weight. Slight improvement in liver function tests may be related to the changes in cytokines and alteration in sleep patterns. Ramadan-like fasting, along with the nutritional education prior to fasting, may be beneficial and effective in the spiritual and overall well-being.