Analysis of Spatial and Architectural Structure of Ghale Rostam Based on Archaeological Excavations

The analysis of the spatial organization of human habitats requires a complete knowledge of the contexts of their formation and development. As these spaces form in the context of geography and develop in the course of history, awareness of natural geography and historical events is a top priority for archaeologists working on the study of ancient environments. Rostam Castle (Ghale Rostam) is one of the most prominent residential complex in the Houzdar region (south of Sistan plain) which has been studied because of its significant role in the network of ancient settlements of this area. Archaeological excavations in this castle were conducted on the basis of questions about the physical identity, spatial structure, form and function of its spaces. The main aim of this research was to determine the function and history of the castle. To this end, all the architectural elements and discovered remains from authors' excavations have been recorded so that research questions could be answered. For this purpose, in addition to mapping existing architectural works, all spaces found from excavations were also mapped. Moreover, all discovered cultural artefacts were studied and dated. The results of field studies indicate that this castle was used specifically from the Safavid (1501-1722AD) to the Qajar period (1789-1925AD). In addition, the operation of defense systems, communications networks, water supply systems and other fortress areas (governmental, residential, commercial etc.) were identified. In summary, it can be said that Rostam Castle is a valuable historical settlement that has been designed and built to accommodate the ruler of the Houzdar region and his relatives, as well as to serve the needs of the sovereign.