A Study of the Institutional Causes of the Underdeveloped Iranian Shoe and Leather Industry in the 19th Century

In the past two centuries, Iran has not only expanded its market in industrial confrontations with the West and the East, but has failed to maintain its market. The West and the East, at different times, began the offensive by sending cheap and varied goods to Iranian markets. The Iranian economic and political system was not able to institutionalize, fund and equip resources, establish efficient commercial and industrial policies, and in particular design efficient and appropriate institutional structures, to support and support innovation to generate competitive capacity in the industrial economy. It has therefore failed to organize adequate defenses and has been steadily retreating and becoming the surplus of industrial economies and supplying cheap petroleum raw materials to emerging economies. This historic trend, which began as the industrial revolution unfolded and the emergence of the global economy, led to a collapse in Iran's hand-made industrial economy, which was unable to produce competitively and machine-made. The level of systematic and efficient functioning of government institutions, property rights, the education system, and businesses are major contributors to development development. The purpose of this research, which is based on a library method based on analytical sources and historical documents and with a descriptive-analytical approach, is to investigate the performance of institutional elements in the leather, handbags, footwear and related industries in the 19th century. Iran to analyze. It has therefore failed to organize adequate defenses and has been relatively steadily retreating, becoming a surplus of industrial economies and a supplier of cheap petroleum raw materials to emerging economies. This historical trend, which began at the same time as the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the world economy, caused Iran's hand-made industrial economy, which was unable to produce competitively and mechanically, to collapse. The systematic and efficient performance of government institutions, property rights, the education system and enterprises as major factors involved in the development context are important parts in this regard. The purpose of this research, which has been done by library method and relying on analytical sources and historical documents and with a descriptive-analytical approach, is that the performance of institutional elements in the leather, bag, shoe and related industries in the nineteenth century, In Iran, to analyze and study.