The Analysis of the Position of Political Guardianship (Authority) as a Primary rinciple in the Jurisprudential School of Qom

The analysis of the arguments and principles of each jurisprudential or juridical school of thought, while explaining the strong and weak points of that school of thought, may bring about the development and continuation of the doctrines of that school of thought. Jurisprudential schools of thought and the political systems which are originated in them are not exceptions to the rule. In the meantime, the jurisprudential school of thought of Qum which lays the cornerstone of the political system based on the institution of the guardianship of the Muslim jurist, is of particular importance. This article seeks to explain the question of the primary principle in the field of political authority (guardianship) in the light of arguments and principles. By principle in this context we mean a criterion which the wise men rely on in shaping social association. By reference to the jurisprudential doctrines of the school of thought of Qum, it follows that although the result of the studies on the sources and principles is that human beings have no guardianship and authority over their fellow human beings. However, the primary principle in governmental relations is political guardianship which has been exception to the general rule due to certain reasons such as having the attribute of infallibility or justice in the light of infallibility as the one which finds its expression in the theory of the guardianship of the Muslim jurist. Taking the present condition into account, the jurisprudential schools of thought of Qum have succeeded to follow the course of the pure Alawid school of thought.