Applications of In-situ Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy equipped with a gas-controlled environment in various fields

As mentioned in previous article published in Iranian Journal of Laboratory knowledge (No. 30-Summer 2020) With the title of ‘An introduction to In-situ Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy equipped with a gas-controlled environment operational principals and structures’ unlike Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope, samples inside in-situ Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM) equipped with controlled gas-environment can be exposed to different gaseous species, pressures and temperatures. Such approach provides researchers with unique opportunities to achieve new level of material analysis. This kind of microscopy is considered valuable equipment for understanding the behavior of different specimens in atomic scale. In-situ ETEM with gaseous environment makes it possible to acquire dynamic measurements of nanostructures during reaction processes and also to follow the structural and chemical changes under different atmosphere, pressure and temperature conditions. Extensively used gaseous species in various research and industrial fields have a significant effect on both the configuration of solid materials and the evolution of reactive systems. Various nanomaterial-based technologies, such as food production, efficient energy conversion, transportation, and environmental protection are dependent on In-situ ETEM for achieving accurate real world results. In order to gain new insights into the growth, properties, and functionality of nano-materials such as biological specimens, catalysts, and fuel cells, obtaining practical information from gas–solid interactions accrued from In-situ ETEM is essential. Thereby in this article some of the more important applications of the ETEM when using a gaseous environment will be reviewed.