New Therapies for Melanoma Cancer Strategies

Melanoma is the most common and severe type of skin cancer. Patients with melanoma may undergo surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy (immunotherapy and cancer vaccine designation), radiation therapy, or a combination of these regimens. In addition, at any stage, they may attempt to relieve and control pain and other symptoms of malignancy, along with reducing the side effects of treatment approaches and emotional and practical problems that are treated by managing the symptoms of illness, supportive care, or so-called palliative care. Some therapeutic strategies are the application of immunotherapy and the design of a cancer vaccine which can activate active immune response by stimulating T-cells and reducing the tumor volume and size. Consequently, it creates the memory of immunity. One of the main causes of cancer immunotherapy is T lymphocyte cytotoxicity in cancer. The next strategy is to use immunotherapies (monoclonal antibodies), including antibodies against CD20, CD40, CTLA-4, and PD-1 antigens.

This study was reviewed by using a search of keywords including ‘mRNA vaccination’, ‘monoclonal antibody’, ‘melanoma’, and ‘CD20 antigen’ in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier databases. Approximately 60 articles were selected that were examined thoroughly.

The results of our study revealed that vaccine cluster of differentiation, monoclonal antibodies are considered as treatments for melanoma cancer.

mRNA plays a key role as the biological treatment of melanoma. More precisely, it is a vector for tumor antigens and a stimulator for inducing antitumor immune responses. In this regard, the study groups use strategies based on the mRNA encoding of the entire mRNA tumor in both in vivo and in vitro environments. Finally, the use of anti-CD20 antibodies with the activator and the inhibitors of immunosuppressive agents have been successful, and surveys in this area have focused on this issue.