Development, Reliability and Validation of Courage Scale Based on Islamic Sources

The purpose of this research is to develop and validate the scale of courage based on Islamic sources. For this purpose, two methods of conceptual analysis and field survey were used. In the conceptual analysis method, referring to the traditions of the infallibles, four components (strength, permanency, action, rational cognition) and 29 signs for courage were extracted.
In the next stage, both of components and signs with their documentation, were provided to the experts and after applying them, for verified cases, items were designed.
In the final stage, after an expertschr('39') opinions about the suitability and necessity of each item, a scale was prepared with 45 confirmed items.
In the survey stage, the scale prepared after the pilot study on 50 samples and performing statistical analysis on the data was ready for the main study.
In the main survey, the data of retrieved from implementation of scale on 225 students of Shahid Rajaee University and Qom seminary students(Masumiyeh religious Islamic school,Imam Khomeini Institute and Comprehensive Center Of Islamic Sciences) were extracted and the validity and the reliability of the scale were examined.
In order to examine the content validity, the criterion validity and the construct validity respectively was used from the expertschr('39') opinion, the moral courage scale of Sekerka and the factor analysis method.
In terms of content validity, three components of the four main components of courage were prepared. Each of the 29 signs of courage was accepted by the experts and finally, from among 87 items, 45 items were accepted for implementation of the scale. In relation to criterion validity, the Islamic courage scale has a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.637) with the moral courage scale of Sekerka. In relation to construct validity, three items with load factor less than 0.3 were eliminated and on the remaining 42 items, factor analysis was performed that after factor analysis, four factors were identified. These factors are: "Chivalry, resistance, rational action and tolerance."
 The results showed that the scale of courage based on Islamic sources has a good validity and reliability for research activities.