A Study of the HodHod (Hoopoes) Character in Attar’s Mantegh al-Tair Based on Abraham Maslow's Theory of Self-actualization

Attar's Mantegh al-Tair has been brilliant to have a rock-hard place in Persian language and literature with its plan of the grounds of Islamic mysticism in general and the theory of ‘the unity of existence’ in particular. One of the protuberant figures in this work is HodHod (hoopoes), who was able to encourage other hens to move to a new and different movement by emphasizing public recruitment and free organization. The nature of HodHod in persuading and mobilizing other birds is the basis of humanistic psychological theories. The theory of ‘self-actualization’ by the American human psychologist Abraham Maslow helps the reader understand the character of HodHod in the performance and cognition of HodHod as a bird leader on the way to Phoenix. The assumption of the present study is that HodHod, as a self-sufficient leader has been able to rely on features such as the openness to peak experiences, emphasis on dialogue and conversation logic, verbal intelligence and the use of the democratic character of language, flexibility, passion and honesty, creativity and prevention of imitation, self-reliance, autonomy and mutual understanding, as well as  mobilizing public and community-based action to the desired outcome.