The Impact of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Achievements on the Literary School of Surrealism with Emphasis on “Unconscious”

One of the best examples of interaction among different human achievements and the impact of a scientific theory on the other fields of knowledge is the impact of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis on new psychoanalysis as well as Surrealist artists. Among different works published in Iran which were concerned with the literary school of Surrealism, the concept of unconscious caught the attention of most of artists and men of letters. The primary concern of the present research is with the science of psychology and psychoanalysis. It also aims to stress on the role and effects of findings Freud’s and other practitioners on the field of literature and art. It is a qualitative and inter-disciplinary research based on content analysis, emphasizing on the psychological and psychoanalytical aspects. In so doing, based on the psychological and psychoanalytical sources, it strove to study and analyze such issues as desire, repressed desires, depth of unconscious, unconscious thought, and their role in the literary and artistic school of surrealism. The most important achievement of the research is the effects of such concepts as free association of meaning, interpretation of dream, unconscious, artificial sleep and writing, slip of tongue, repression and the creation of artistic and literary artifacts from an illogically emotional and taste sources.