Tourism and its scientific and cultural encounters with the host community (Case study: Horman region of Kurdistan province)

Globally, rural tourism is an important part of economic activity. This important activity has been considered from different perspectives. Some researchers see it as part of the tourism market, while others see it as a tool for rural development. The aim of this study is to study the cultural effects of tourism on the target villages of tourism in Horaman region of Kurdistan province. To achieve this goal, the qualitative research approach, and specifically ethnography and field study including ethnographic interview, participatory observation and interview, has been used during the stay at the site. Findings and results from this study show that the effects of tourism on Horaman region in short include creating anomalies in the style of clothing, destructive effects on the ecosystem, the prevalence of drug addiction, harassment and physical conflict in the environment, poor tourism, Changes in bioeconomic style, trust in foreign tourists, trust in cultural tourism, have a negative impact on traditional livelihoods. Finally, it can be said that the core categories of this study include "the relative growth of the local market and the sale of goods and cultural effectiveness and influence when performing cultural ceremonies of cultural and foreign tourists" as well as "cultural impact inconsistent with traditional and religious biology and at the same time, the economic effects of the region's ecosystem were not very positive and that many tourists were disturbed.