Three-Dimensional Analysis of Forced Convection Fluid Flow in a Duct with Step Considering the Interacting Influences of the Magnetic Field and Solid Nanoparticles

In this research, interaction influences of magnetic field and solid nanoparticles on three-dimensional forced convection flow in a horizontal duct with an inclined backward-facing step are studied. The nanofluid is considered as the working fluid in duct. The Blocked region method is applied to simulate the inclined backwardfacing step in Cartesian coordinates. To obtain the velocity and temperature fields, the Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved using the Finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm. Influences of Hartmann number ( ) and concentrations of nanoparticles ( 𝜙 ) on the velocity and temperature fields in duct and distributions of fiction coefficient and Nusselt number along the bottom wall of duct are analyzed with full details. Results of this research clearly show that the hydrodynamics and thermal behaviors of flow are considerably dependent on the magnetic field strength and volume fractions of nanoparticles. In fact, the highest values of fiction coefficients and heat transfer rates on the bottom wall are related to the case of and 𝜙 .