Identifying, leveling, and ranking of factors affecting the green supply chain using an integrated ISM approach and Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making

This paper aims to identify, level, and rank the factors affecting the green supply chain. In this matter, the statistical population of the paper contains 11 managers and experts of the supply chain department at the Abrah Tazeen Company. Moreover, a pairwise comparison questionnaire is utilized for data collection. It encompasses the factors affecting the green supply chain, in which its validity is obtained and then confirmed by the opinions of the organization's experts via the reliability with an incompatibility rate of 0.02. Furthermore, two approaches of fuzzy hierarchical analysis process and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) are employed to analyze the collected data. The obtained results indicate that the green design with a relative weight of 0.245, recycling of products with a relative weight of 0.211, environmental assessment of suppliers with a relative weight of 0.177, cooperation of employees with a relative weight of 0.176, satisfying the necessary standards with a relative weight of 0.134, green distribution with a relative weight of 0.097, green production with a relative weight of 0.088, and green purchase with a relative weight of 0.055, are ranked first to eighth. Ultimately, the factors are then analyzed using the proposed ISM approach. The results reveal that among the factors, the green design is considered as the most effective factor to green the supply chain.