Extension the attribution competence arising from connectivity of claims in Iran and France With emphasis on judicial practice

The jurisdiction may change during the proceedings. One of the causes of this shift is connectivity of claims. This is known as the extension of competence. The extension of jurisdiction occurs because, under the primary jurisdiction rules, jurisdiction is not efficient, effective, appropriate and complete, and the connectivity of claims, as one of the secondary jurisdictional rules, alters the rules for its effectiveness and efficiency. Connectivity creates dependency between claims and thus loses their independence. Whether the connectivity of claims can lead to the extension of inherent jurisdiction is a question that has been studied in a comparative study (Iran and France). It seems that in many cases the connectivity of claims extends the inherent jurisdiction.