The Transition of Qajar Society from Traditional to Modern Medicine Based on the Travelogues of WESTERN Tourists

From the travelogues of Western tourists, physicians, etc. physicians in the Qajar era can be deduced as follows: that throughout the geography of Iran, the situation of all types of diseases and patients did not have the same conditions. Due to the geographical dispersion as well as cultural facilities and resistance, the health and treatment of Iranians in different parts of Iran was in very different conditions. The proximity to the capital and the western and maritime borders provided special conditions that varied greatly in the incidence and severity of the disease and its lethality. If we want to list one by one the problems faced by the Qajar kings, it has been one of the most important health problems and treatment of various diseases. The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases on the one hand and the ineffectiveness of traditional medicine methods on the other hand And the occasional outbreak of infectious diseases put a lot of pressure on different strata. In this article, by studying the western travelogues of the Qajar period, we intend to study the health of Iran in that period and the position of traditional physicians and their type of treatment (which was based on Galenian medicine of four natures) and its degree of fusion with superstition magic. Let's examine the extent of the deviations and errors of traditional medicine in the treatment of society's diseases, and why traditional physicians have insisted on these errors and the ways they went wrong. What harms they did to individuals and society, and along with it medicine. What has been the basis of modern treatment methods and the reasons for its acceptance by society? To what extent has the role of Europeans and, above all, European physicians in the process of modernization of traditional medicine? And what have been the most important deterrents and facilitators of society in the modernization of traditional medicine? How has modern medicine been more successful over time than traditional medicine? Finally, we can use library resources to study modern and traditional medicine in the Qajar period based on Western travelogues and with a descriptive and analytical method to compare and observe the available resources and facts and unspoken facts about the role of European physicians and the need We recounted the people who could not be met by traditional medicine in order to reach the correct reasons for accepting traditional medicine in the society of Iran at that time.