Explaining the Factors Affecting Evolutionary Urban Resilience to Earthquake, Case Study: Zanjan

A review of the experiences of natural disasters, including earthquakes, shows that earthquakes do not cause destruction on their own, but it is human who determines the extent of damage caused by earthquakes. Given the ineffectiveness of vulnerabilitybased approaches after earthquake, new perspectives emphasize on the evolutionary resilience approach; but the main problem is the multiplicity and diversity of indicators with complex and networked relationships and the difficulty of the evaluation process, which necessitates the use of appropriate models. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and analyzes the causal relationships between urban evolutionary resilience indicators against earthquakes in Zanjan, according to the position of this city in relation to the surrounding faults to key and effective factors in resilience. The city should be identified. For this purpose, after reviewing the texts and extracting the indicators. First by using two-stage Delphi method through purposeful and consecutive sampling, 27 questionnaires in the form of 40 * 40 matrix are completed by managers and experts of Zanjan Municipality, then by the use of parametric interpretive structural model using Mic Mac software causal relationships and key factors influencing urban resilience were identified. Results show that indicators related to institutional factors and communication network act as effective and key indicators in the network and increasing the status of these indicators due to their direct and indirect effects on other indicators in the network of causal relationships the ultimate rate of resilience can be improved