Sociology of Transition to the Politics of the Subject in the Era of Globalization

The term “Politics of the Subject” coined by Robert Fraisse and theorized by Alain Touraine denotes some transformations in cognitive or paradigm episteme and gives birth to a new representation of the political. Mentioned transformation is an outcome of new stage of modernity that is late modernity, central attribute of which is “reflexivity” and its central conflict is “recognition”. In today’s world, individualization in experiencing is associated with a new articulation of “society” which has transmuted the deepest layers of public life. Moreover, in the middle layer i.e. in the civil society social movements are being cultural in their nature and their appearance come along with the claims of cultural rights and emphasis on self-identity and self-assertion. At last and in the outer layer i.e. policy-making se see some transformations leading to the politics of subject. In this circumstance, the subject comes to the heart of politics and the “emancipatory politics” gives way to “life politics”. Also the phenomenon of globalization has mandated new understanding of modernity and necessitated the transition to politics of the subject. At the end, Iran situation in this global transition has been delineated and its fundamentals have been explained.