Recombinant Lactococcus: A New Approach to Oral Vaccines
The genus of Lactococcus lactis belonging to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group, is a gram positive, faculative anaerobic, non-spore forming and non-motile bacterium. The aims of this paper are to introduce Lactic acid bacteria especially non-pathogenic, non-invasive and safe Lactococcus lactis, to study the previous studies and to investigate the advantages, limitations, promotion methods and future prospects of oral vaccine based on this bacterium as a promising strategy for vaccine production and prevention of some infectious diseases.
In this review article, 62 articles related to Lactococcus lactis and its application in producing oral vaccines were collected via data bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus since 1981-2020.
Lactococcus lactis, as a safe microorganism (GRAS) widely used in the food industry. Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis as a "biologic drug" is orally administered as one of the live vaccines expressing viral and bacterial antigens.
Recombinant Lactococcus-based vector can be suitable substitutes for live attenuated vaccines and can be considered as a safe and food-grade host for producing the desired products of human consumption over other systems. It also has a high potential for vaccine delivery, especially through mucosal methods to prevent or treat certain diseases.
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