Evaluation of agronomic and biochemical properties of seed storage protein quality in different soybean genotypes [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill]

Soybeans are considered as a main source of oil and protein production in the world. On the other hand, soybean seeds are one of the most important sources of protein that is directly or indirectly (in the livestock industry) in the human diet due to its favorable and inexpensive proteins. In this study some of agronomic characteristics (such as: plant height, number of branches, number of pods, seed weight, seed yield and day to maturity) and also seed storage protein quality properties (such as: soluble protein content, protease inhibitors contents and lectin protein) in six mutant lines and nine cultivars were studied. The results demonstrated that the 032-240-D-P1 and 032-240-D-P4 mutant lines have a high grain yield potential in addition to desirable agronomic traits. In terms of qualitative properties of grain proteins, Nekador and Caspian cultivars had the highest protein and the highest of albumin and globulin storage proteins, respectively. Also, the evaluation of anti-nutritional factors also revealed that all the mutant lines and Arian cultivar had the lowest protease inhibitors (PIA) and lectin (HAU) protein, which could be considered as promising genotypes for the soybean breeding programs. Results from this study suggested that the 032-240-D-P4 mutant line by high seed yield and the lowest of anti-nutritional factors could be studied as a new variety.