An Analysis of the Conceptual and Visual Features of the Administrative Signs of the Safavid and Ottoman States

Diwani symbols are considered as valid documents in recognizing governments, which in addition to historical information, are a reflection of the culture and art of the people of that time. Among the best examples from the history of Central Asia and Asia Minor, we can mention the pattern depicted in the administrative signs of the Safavid and Ottoman states of the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, which was formed by the best masters and artistic elites and expresses artistic power and socio-political insight of that time. Since the Safavid and Ottoman governments have common intellectual-cultural commonalities and political boundaries and have established a common calendar in historical events, a comparative study of their government symbols in the two general categories of seals and coins as valid documents can be a new window in identification. Culture and art open two regions. The question is: what quality do the thematic and visual features of the administrative signs of the Safavid and Ottoman states show? The results of the research show that the Safavids included religious symbols in their seals and coins and used a variety of visual elements in the arrangement of the signs. In contrast, the Ottomans, with minimal regard for religious beliefs, created their bureaucratic symbols with political symbols in a fixed format and minimal diversity of visual elements. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and its method is analytical-comparative.