Earthquake; Flood; Tehran; Urban Perspective; Resilience

The structure of the urban platform as well as its physical features, depending on the inherent conditions and behavior of environmental thresholds in relation to changes.  The purpose of this study is to determine the geomorphological landscapes of Tehran by two phenomena of earthquake and flood that have the highest risk in different periods of Tehran. Therefore, by focusing on the inherent characteristics and evolutionary trend of Tehran city landscape, It is divided into three landscapes; North, Central, and South.

The relationship between the landscape of Tehran based on the form and geomorphological processes and the study of earthquake and flood hazards was obtained in four steps, which include: Data collection, data processing, calculation of indicators and analysis of findings. According to the characteristics of topography, physiography, geology, the results of field studies and satellite images, aerial photographs and also paleogeomorphological research in Tehran, the study area aims to determine the resilience thresholds of the city to three northern urban landscapes, The center and south were divided.

Based on the zoning map of Tehran based on the earthquake phenomenon in the three landscapes of north, center and south, the highest distribution of non-resilience is in the northern and southern regions of the city. Northeastern, southwestern, and semi-western regions have the highest urban resilience to earthquake.Based on the zoning of Tehran based on the flood phenomenon in the three landscapes of north, center and south, the highest distribution of non-resilience is in the northern areas of the city. Northeast, southwest, and west have the highest urban resilience to floods.

According to the present study, in general, the city of Tehran in order to increase its resilience to earthquake and flood hazards should be studied not in one landscape but in different landscapes