Historical study and analysis of the role of expediency in the domination of the caliphate over the Imamate in the formation and administration of the Islamic state from 632 to 634 AD

The demise of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) marked a turning point in the formation of a new political system in the administration of Islamic society. The fledgling Islamic government faced two strategies: Caliphate and Imamate Proponents of each of these two strategies considered themselves worthy of leading the Islamic government. The Saqifa community paved the way for the caliphate to prevail over the Imamate, while the proponents of the Imamate rejected the theory of the Caliphate, but ultimately gave way to the caliphate within the framework of expediency. The main purpose of this article, which has been compiled in a qualitative and descriptive-analytical manner regarding historical sources, is to explain and analyze the role of expediency in the formation and acceptance of the caliphate system. The main question of the research is what role the idea of ​​expediency has played in the formation of the caliphate system in Saqifa and the actions of the first Islamic caliph. According to the findings of this study, the idea of ​​expediency has played a key role in the dominance of the political system based on the caliphate over the Imamate system in the Saqifa community.