Review and Comparison of Challenges, Conflicts, and Innovation on the Start-up Qualification of Independent Business(Case study on physical education students of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch)

   Entrepreneurship is the driving force behind economic and social change. Entrepreneurs are the cornerstone of the economic system in the country.

 This applied research employed a causal-comparative research method. The statistical population included the undergraduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, (N=517). Based on Morgan's table, 250 students were selected randomly and were given the prepared questionnaires. The Dorabji et al. (1998) Innovation Climate Questionnaire and Anderson & Dunkelberg's (1990) Independent Business Start-up Competency Questionnaire were used for data collection. Content and face validity were confirmed by six sports management experts. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be (α=0.84) for the Innovation Climate Questionnaire and (α=0.87) for Independent Business Start-up Qualification. In this study, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data.

   The results of the study showed the impact of the challenge on the qualification of start-up independent business. In addition, the factors of innovation and conflict in the classrooms were found to have a positive effect on the qualification of independent business start-ups.