A Review on Nanofiber Scaffolds by Focusing on Constituents and Procedures

Nanofiber scaffolds have been utilized in the controlled delivering of the drug, cell, and gene into the body organs for an effective treatment of various diseases. The natural and synthetic polymers and their blends as well as the bioceramics could be considered as the constituents of nano-scaffolds. One of the advantges of tissue engineering is the three-dimensional culturing, which could be found in the original organs and tissues. Therefore, the cells and other components could not be properly directed in the two-dimentional environments. That is why, the novel fabrication methods have been introduced. Various fabrication methods like electrospinning, drawing, template synthesis, fiber-mesh, self-assembling, fiber-bonding and solid freeform fabrication techniques are applied for fabrication of nanofiber scaffolds. In the current work, in addition to review on the characteristicts and constituents of scaffolds, their fabrication technologies were focused. The unique properties of nanofiber-based structures include the high loading efficiency, superior mechanical performance, packaging for an ample range of drugs, controlled release behavior and excellent stability in the delivery of plasmid DNA, large protein drugs, genetic materials and autologous stem-cell to the target site.