The effect of Gender Role Attitudes and Role Division on first to second birth interval in Tehran

In recent research in many countries to explain low fertility, gender role attitudes and role division has been a major challenge. In this study, the effect of gender division of labor and attitudes on second birth interval in Tehran is investigated. The sample comprise of 363 married women aged 15-49 years old and having one child. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to determine the second birth interval, and to identify the effect of attitude and gender division of labor on its, survival models including Cox proportional, exponential, Weibel, Gompertz, Log Normal Logl Logistic and Gamma Generalized models were fitted. In order to consider the dependence on survival times, a common fragility model with gamma distribution was tested. Based on the Akaik criterion, the generalized gamma model was selected as the most appropriate model. Results showed that the median time of first birth to second birth was 84 months. The results of the generalized gamma model showed that the participation of men in domestic work had no significant effect on the second birth interval. But having a modern gender attitude and the lack of participation of men in child affairs increases the second birth interval. Therefore, while striving for a sustainable economy and an optimistic outlook for the future, population-building policies and family-friendly policies must embrace a broad framework of cultural values that support men's participation in domestic affairs and reduce gender inequality, thereby preventing Further delay second birth and increase fertility to replacement level.