Dust Investigation by MERRA-2 Model in Iran: (during 2007- 2017)
Different regions of Iran are affected by internal or external dust sources. Satellite data can be used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution and detected the source of dust. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentration of surface dust, dust in air column and aerosol optical depth (AOD) using MERRA-2 model and Aqua satellite data in Iran. Data were prepared between 2007 and 2017 and the figures were plotted by Grads and OriginPro software. The research findings showed three cross-border dust source including western, eastern and northeastern Iran and two internal area in the desert plain and southeastern Iran. The dust source located in southeastern Iraq and Kuwait have the highest concentration of surface dust. In Abadan, the highest concentration of surface dust with 552 (μg⁄m^3 ) in summer, dust in air column 709 (mg⁄m^2 ) in spring and the AOD of MERRA-2 with 0.58 in the spring took placed. The correlation coefficient between surface dust and air column dust was obtained in internal area including Tabas, Kahnooj, Khor Biabank and Nikshahr with 0.94 and 0.93, 0.89 and 0.89, which can indicate the effect of local conditions on development. Time series of air column dust in three stations of Bushehr, Abadan and Ahvaz shows the highest decreasing line trend with -0.05 and -0.035, which shows the decrease in the effect of dust external dust sources.In the monthly distribution, the years 2008 and 2012 were determined by the most severe and widespread dust in Iran. The maximum dust values was obtained in April and July 2008, May 2012 and July 2016 in Ahvaz.
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