An Examination of the Theory of Marcuse's Non-Suppressing Culture from the Perspective of Sadra's Wisdom

The increasing development of Western societies and the human being advances brought hope to Western man to be free from suffering and pain. Meanwhile, Sigmund Freud, in opposition to the atmosphere of optimism in the West in the early twentieth century, emphasizes that civilization is based on the subjugation and suppression of human instincts and the achievement of civilization for modern man is not peace and comfort, but increasing suffering and pain. In contrast to Herbert Marcuse, the German social philosopher, while criticizing Freud's theories, presents a plan for a non-suppressing civilization and says that the suppression of culture is not the essence of civilization, but the achievement of the capitalist system. In this paper, based on the analytical-critical method, using the capacity of Allameh Tabatabaei's employment theory and the teachings of Sadra's (Mulla Sadra) wisdom, we will show that what Marcuse describes as a non-suppressing civilization is nothing more than a getting stuck in a "reciprocal employment in the animal realm." In order to overcome suppression, intellectual perfection and instinctual intentions must be considered as a determining element of social life; This is something that Allameh Tabatabaei has dealt with based on the Sadra's system.