Behavior Study of the Abbasid Caliphs in the Second Era in the Face of the Imami Shiites from the Caliphate of Motewakkel to the End of the Caliphate of Al-Razi Bellah

The present study explores how and why the Abbasid caliphs confronted the Imami Shiites, and answers these basic questions: "How did the caliphs treat the Imami Shiites in the historical period 232-329 AH and what factors and reasons their behavior was based on?" It also raises the question of what situation this behavior has created for the Shiites. This study is based on historical explanation and its findings show that the behavior of the Abbasid caliphs, from the time of Motewakkel to the end of the caliphate of Razi Bellah, did not follow a consistent policy and they took violent to peaceful actions against the Imami Shiites due to factors such as legitimacy, authoritarianism, and political necessity. The consequences of their hostile behavior have had repercussions on the Shiite social system, such as repression, economic pressure, restrictions on political and cultural activities, dismissal from posts, mistreatment with religious leaders, blasphemy, and the destruction of the tombs of Shiite imams. Also, the consequences of the caliphs' peaceful behavior caused Shiite families to enter court positions and even ministries. By taking these positions, they took steps to remove the oppression of the Shiites, improve the economic situation and carry out cultural activities in order to protect themselves in a more favorable situation.