Effects of Explant and Different Hormones Concentration on Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration of Galbanum (Ferula gummosa B.)

Galbanum or Gummosa (Ferula gummosa B.) is a highly valuable medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, it is a herbaceous, perennial and monocarpic plant. Flowers appear only once during the life cycle of the plant. The main aim in this study was to induce healthy plantlets for preparing suitable explants for callus induction and introducing a reliable shoot organogenesis protocol by changing different media components and hormones. To evaluate callus induction and shoot regeneration, at first seeds were surface sterilized under a laminar air flow cabinet by successive immersions into ethanol and sodium hypochlorite, and then embryonic axes were excised from the pericarp and rinsed in sterile H2O before placement on culture medium (MS1/4). Root, cotyledons, main leaf, hypocotyle, embryo and embryonic axes as an explant, were placed on MS medium with 1/4 concentration containing various combinations of growth regulators, 2,4-D, NAA, BAP, and kinetin. In regeneration phase, B5 medium were used with various combinations of growth regulators (BAP, ADS and ABA). The best response in callus induction phase obtained on concentration levels of 2 mgl-1 BAP and 10 mgl-1 NAA .Root and cutting embryo were the best explants. The best response for shoot regeneration was observed on 1.5 mgl-1 BAP and 0.5 mgl-1 ADS.