The Clinical Profile and 1-Year Prognosis of Patients With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Study in Qom Province, Iran

Cerebral Venous sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular accident with a vatiety of clinical symptoms. As there is evidence of a higher rate of CVST in Iran, we aimed to investigate the frequency of CVST, its predisposing factors, and 1-year prognosis in Qom Province, Iran.

We performed a cross-sectional study from 2018 to 2020 in Beheshti Hospital, Qom City, Iran. We reviewed the clinical and para-clinical records of the patients by a checklist. Follow-up visits were performed at 12 months to evaluate the CVST recurrence, the neurological status according to modified Ranking Score (mRS), and persistence of neurological complaints. Eventually, we used SPSS version 22 to analyze the obtained data.

We identified 57 cases of definite CVST, which accounted for 2.5% of all cerebrovascular accidents in this period. We revealed a higher incidence of CVST among the women (68.4%). The use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and postpartum status were considered the main risk factors (n=32/39). We also revealed evidence of inherited coagulopathy in 14.03% of our patients, mainly due to protein S deficiency (n=5). The superior sagittal sinus was the main involved sinus (68.42%) associated with other sinus thromboses in 22% of all cases. We also showed a significant short-term and long-term recovery of the disease with a mean mRS score of 1.22 at discharge and 1.12 at a 1-year follow-up.

Oral contraceptives and fasting could contribute to developing CVST. We also revealed a favorable outcome following urgent treatment.