What are the reasons for the protests of the Iraqi Shiites in the recent governments

The roots of the popular protests in Iraq in the last decade go back to the developments known as the Islamic Awakening in 2010, which began in the Arab world and has continued for more than 10 years and has spread to Iraq. These protests were mainly due to the inefficiency of the economic and social policies of the governments towards the people, which caused the social body to protest due to dissatisfaction with the political and economic situation and the lack of social welfare. The history of Shiite protests against the rule in Iraq has its roots in 1390, which lasted 11 months, and demonstrators protested against the lack of job opportunities, poor social services and the electricity and water crisis, and the scope of protests in addition to the capital It was extended to other southern cities and Kurdish areas of Iraq, which were generally accompanied by unrest and destruction. In general, the protesters' demands centered on prosecuting the corrupt throughout the government, amending the Iraqi constitution on the basis of the bill, ending the occupation symbols, and canceling the security agreement with the United States by the Iraqi parliament. The protest against the ruling regime in the new Iraq began with the withdrawal of American troops from the country and was stopped from 2012 to 2015 due to the threat posed to the country and the Shiites by ISIS. However, the demonstrations of 2016 were different from the protests of 1390 and 1394 due to their characteristics such as leadership, monopoly in Baghdad, and negative and violent characteristics. The slogan of the 2017 protests was freedom, justice and the rejection of violence. The demonstrations of 1397, like the protests of 1390 and 1394, lacked leadership and were almost focused on local micro and macro demands, and the protests started in Basra province and spread to other provinces of the country. The trend of protests in 1398 showed its intensity and social networks also played a significant role in holding protest demonstrations. Civil society activists and the media and civil society organizations were the main organizers of the protests, operating under various headings. Reviewing the formation process and mechanisms of development of these protests, recognizing the leadership and the demands raised during it, is important in that the incorrect attribution of social movements to unrealistic factors may greatly divert decision makers from a correct and accurate understanding of the situation. And consequently align strategic decisions and their implementation with deviation and error.