Effects of Input-Based vs. Output-Based Instruction on Vocabulary Learning and Retention by Iranian Young EFL Learners

The present study investigated the comparative effects of input vs. output-based instruction on vocabulary acquisition and retention of young Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) learners. To this end, 45 Iranian EFL learners aged 6–7 were divided into three groups; control group, input-based group, and output-based group. The students in the input-based instruction were not required to use the target vocabulary items. The target vocabulary items were only presented to them via input-based tasks. In contrast, in the output-based group, the students were required to use the vocabulary items by doing output-based tasks. After four weeks of instruction, the two groups took two types of vocabulary tests (listening comprehension and production tests) as post- and delayed tests. The findings revealed that both input-based and output-based instruction helped the participants to gain both receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. In general, the results of the present study can support the idea put forth by scholars such as Long (2015) that adhering to a single method is not beneficial, and language instructors should use a variety of methods based on their language learners’ characteristics and needs.