The Gender and Non-Stereotypical Gender Roles of Women in the Victories of the Era of First Caliphates

Gender characteristics are one of the most important aspects in the division of social tasks among women and men. Therefore, the men have had a role in the victories and have been responsible for the military affairs, because their gender have been consistent with the gender division. This descriptive-analytical research aimed to answer the question of whether assigning the roles to women in different historical periods has been on gender basis or not; thus, all the relevant written sources, focusing on the historical period of the era of caliphates in the specific subject of victories in this period, were examined to identify the gender and non-stereotypical gender roles of women. Based on the results, in this era, the level of women's participation in victories, as the non-stereotypical gender roles, has been developing, in which the frequency of women's roles have been seen in titles such as: soldier, informant, supernumerary, and so on. These different roles show women's dynamics and social activities in this era.