Improving the growth of octoploid asparagus embryos under osmotic conditions

Embryogenesis is a technique in which bipolar structures are formed from somatic cells. During the cell differentiation process, the explant responds to endogenous stimuli and, as a result, directs the cell program. In the present study, the effect of osmotic conditions was investigated on embryo number, relative growth rate, photosynthetic pigments and proline of octoploid asparagus embryogenesis. B5 liquid medium containing 2 mgL-1 2,4-D was used For induction of embryogenesis. Sucrose with two concentrations of 40 and 60 gL-1, polyethylene glycol (PEG) with three concentrations of 30, 15 and 60 gL-1, abscisic acid (ABA) of 5 and 10 μM, 4 and 6dS of salinity using NaCl were used to apply osmotic stress to asparagus embryos. According to the results, the highest number of spherical embryos (3.16) was related to PEG60 g, which was not statistically significantly different from 6 dS NaCl (2.16). The highest number of bipolar embryos (13.16) was related to 6 dS NaCl. PEG 60 g with 6.16 showed the highest number of bipolar embryos. The highest relative growth rate was observed in PEG 15 g (11.37 mg/day) and 4 dS of NaCl (11.23 mg/day). The lowest relative growth rate was recorded in 10 μM ABA (3.47 mg/day). Based on the comparison results, the highest mean of chlorophyll a (0.077 mg/FW) was related to 60 g PEG and the lowest (0.028 mg/FW) was related to sucrose 60 g.