A Review And Critique Of The Foundations Of Popper's Theory Of Open Society With Respect To The Foundations Of A Moderate Divine Society

The aim of the present survey is to critique the theoretical foundations of "open society theory" or "negative liberal democracy" of Karl Popper

The goal of the research is achieved through   epistemological critique and refutation of the method of refutation in Popper's philosophy of science.

Although Popper in his theory calls for the realization of a society based on the acceptance of individual originality, the centrality of law and equality against it, democracy and freedom, but the condition for the realization of all these principles was only the manifestation of human will. His theory is based on the assumption of "three worlds" in ontology, "falsificationism" in the philosophy of science, and "transformation of certainty" in epistemology, and in contrast to this theory, there is the theory of religious democracy, which in the reading of pure Islam, The basis for accepting the origin, resurrection, and status of the divine caliph of man is based on ontological "realism," "empirical, rational, and revelatory positivism" in the philosophy of science, and "the possibility and necessity of certainty" in epistemology.

The results of the present article can reveal the paradox in the claim of "negative step-by-step reforms" proposed by Popper reformers in the Islamic world and Islamic Iran, and an approach to one of the most fundamental and historical issues in the field of political philosophy, namely " "The foundations of legitimacy in the realization and survival of government."