Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors: A Review on Recent Progress in Materials and Fabrication Techniques

In recent years, biosensors are used in various applications ranging from biomedical and pharmaceutical to food and chemical products. As an example, biosensors can be used for glucose assessment in blood and regulation of insulin usage in diabetic patients. In this regard, it is anticipated that many diseases could be diagnosed in the near future at an early stage regarding further progress in nanotechnology. The advancement in nanotechnology meets the technological requirements for the increased demand for sensors in biomedical applications. Enzymes play a significant role among various biologic elements exerted in the design of biosensors. Glucose oxidase is an enzyme and biocatalysts that accelerate the process of turning glucose to oxygenated water. Recent surveys have reported the novel qualitative and quantitative approaches used to enhance the sensitivity, detection limit, and biocompatibility of biosensors. Furthermore, they have confirmed the enhanced performance of glucose-based biosensors in both response and detection limits in their implementation. This review aims to summarize recent progress in sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and stability of the enzymatic biosensor based on the versatile fabrication of glucose by semi-permeable membranes.